Performance Analysis of RIS-Assisted Bi-Directional Full-Duplex Systems Under Hardware Impairments and Nakagami-m Fading Channels

Abstract

This paper investigates the performance of reflec tive intelligent surface (RIS)-assisted bi-directional full-duplex (FD) systems considering hardware impairments (HIs), and self interference (SI) under Nakagami-m fading. Unlike previous research that assumes ideal hardware or Rayleigh fading, this work derives closed-form expressions for outage probability, asymptotic diversity, throughput, and energy efficiency. The analysis employs a novel Gamma approximation, based on moment-matching and a first-order Laguerre series expansion, to accurately model Nakagami-m product channels. The derived formulations allow efficient performance comparisons, including RIS-assisted half-duplex (HD) systems with and without hard ware impairments. Numerical results reveal that using HIs/SI re sults in error floors. Increasing the number of reflective elements N, reduces the outage probability and enhances throughput and energy efficiency. The Monte Carlo simulations validate the analytical findings. Therefore, the proposed framework provides valuable design insights into the trade-offs among transceiver non-idealities, RIS size, and overall system robustness, serving as a critical reference for designing energy-efficient, hardware aware RIS-assisted FD communication architectures in future wireless networks.

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